Monarda are hardy, aromatic perennials that thrive in moisture-retentive but well-drained soil and a sunny or lightly shaded position. They dislike conditions that are too wet or too dry, so regular watering in prolonged dry so regular watering in prolonged dry spells is essential.

Apply a 5-7cm (2-3in) mulch of well-rotted organic matter in spring and again in autumn to help retain soil moisture and suppress mildew. Powdery mildew is a common issue, especially in dry or crowded conditions — improve air circulation by spacing plants well and removing congested growth after flowering.

Avoid cutting back in autumn, as the upright seed heads and stems add winter structure and interest. Instead, tidy up in early spring before new growth emerges. Lift and divide large or congested clumps every few years in early spring to maintain vigour and prevent dieback in the centre.