Plant Polystichum in partial or full shade where the soil stays cool and evenly moist, such as in woodland-style borders, or along a shaded path. Work plenty of leaf mould, composted pine needles, or garden compost into the planting hole to create a rich, humus-filled soil the fern will root into easily. Keep the plant well watered while it establishes, especially in warm spells, and use a balanced slow-release fertiliser in spring to support steady frond growth.

Despite the plant being evergreen, you can cut back old foliage in early January to make space for spring bulbs, or leave it in place for winter cover and remove it in April as the fresh fronds start to unfurl. Once settled, this fern is easy to maintain and copes well with long-term shade and damp soil.